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Objective:To learn about the epidemic situation and trend of human brucellosis in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County (referred to as Menyuan County) of Qinghai Province, and to provide reference for formulating brucellosis prevention and control measures in Menyuan County.Methods:Data on human brucellosis in Menyuan County reported by the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2013 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis (three distribution).Results:A total of 186 cases of brucellosis were confirmed from 2013 to 2020, with an average annual incidence of 14.553/100 000. The annual incidence rate was increasing year by year(χ 2trend = 22.08, P = 0.002). The cases were distributed in 67 villages of 12 towns; cases were more common in the age group of 15-< 65 years old (96.24%, 179/186), and there were more men than women cases (sex ratio was 3.89∶1.00, 148/38). Conclusions:The incidence rate of brucellosis cases in Menyuan County is increasing year by year, and the scope of its impact is constantly expanding. A multi-sectoral joint prevention and control mechanism should be established to strengthen management, increase the prevention and control of brucellosis, and stop the spread of the epidemic to surrounding counties and cities.
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Objective:To observe multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing of Brucella isolated from Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province, and to explore the relationship between the strains and strains previous isolated from Qinghai Province. Methods:Blood samples of Himalayan marmot were collected in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province from March 2019 to October 2020. Pathogens were isolated and cultured from Brucella antibody positive samples identified by using the rose bengal test (RBT). Conventional biological methods and molecular biological methods (BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR) were used for strain identification. At the same time, MLVA method was used to genotype the isolated strains, and cluster analysis was used to analyze the genetic relationships between the strains based on the genotype of 70 Brucella isolated from different hosts in Qinghai Province. Results:A total of 1 466 blood samples of Himalayan marmot were collected from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Two strains of Brucella were isolated and cultured from 64 RBT-positive samples, named QH2013054 and QH2013062, respectively. They were identified as Brucella ovis biotype Ⅲ by conventional and molecular biological methods. The MLVA genotyping results showed that QH2013054 and QH2013062 were different at the Bru16 locus, indicating different MLVA genotypes. Cluster analysis showed that strain QH2013054 had the same MLVA genotype as 7 strains, among which 6 strains were from 3 farmers and 3 sheep from the same family in Gonghe County, and 1 strain was from a farmer in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County. The strain QH2013062 had the same MLVA genotype as 4 strains, including 3 strains from 3 farmers in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County and 1 strain from a farmer in Tu Autonomous County of Huzhu. Conclusions:The strains of Brucella isolated from Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province have the same MLVA genotype as some strains of Brucella isolated from humans and sheep in Qinghai Province. It is speculated that the host humans, sheep and Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may have a common source of infection.
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Objective:To master the epidemic trend of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province, so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of the disease.Methods:In 2019 and 2020, at the national and provincial brucellosis monitoring sites in Qinghai Province, a total of 18 counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties), no less than 400 serum samples were sampled every year for brucellosis Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and serum tube agglutination test (SAT), which would be tested and judged according to the criteria of "Diagnosis for Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019).Results:In 2019, a total of 1 612 people were monitored in national brucellosis monitoring sites, 93 were RBPT positive, 54 were SAT positive, 54 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 3.35% (54/1 612). In 2020, 1 677 people were monitored in national brucellosis monitoring sites, 151 were RBPT positive, 80 were SAT positive, 80 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 4.77% (80/1 677). There were significant differences in RBPT positive rate, SAT positive rate and prevalence rate among national monitoring sites between the two years (χ 2 = 12.52, 4.24, 4.24, P < 0.05). In 2019, a total of 6 043 people were monitored in provincial brucellosis monitoring sites, 128 were RBPT positive, 91 were SAT positive, 87 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 1.44% (87/6 043). In 2020, 5 664 people were monitored, 108 were RBPT positive, 59 were SAT positive, 52 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 0.92% (52/5 664). There was no significant difference in RBPT positive rate among provincial monitoring sites between the two years (χ 2 = 0.66, P = 0.416), and the differences in SAT positive rate and prevalence rate were statistically significant among provincial monitoring sites between the two years (χ 2 = 4.98, 14.57, P < 0.05). Conclusion:In 2019 and 2020, there are human brucellosis in national and provincial brucellosis monitoring sites in Qinghai Province.
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Objective:To detect serum Col2-3/4 C-terminal cleavage product of type Ⅱ collagen (C2C) and pyridinoline (PYD) among brucellosis patients at early period, and to provide a better understanding of the changes of bone and joint collagen metabolism in the early stage of brucellosis.Methods:From 2013 to 2016, 61 cases of brucellosis patients at early period (within 6 months) from brucellosisout patient of Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control were selected as case group, and 67 cases of healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Serum C2C and PYD levels in all samples were measured simultaneously with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:The median serum C2C of patients with early brucellosis was 83.45 ng/ml and that of the control group was 73.35 ng/ml. There was significant difference in serum C2C between the case group and the control group ( Z = 5.027, P < 0.05). The median serum PYD of patients with early brucellosis was 278.45 nmol/L and that of the control group was 212.75 nmol/L. There was significant difference in serum PYD between the case group and the control group ( Z = 6.967, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Serum C2C and PYD levels of brucellosis patients at early period are increased.
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Objective:Combined with the actual work requirements of brucellosis in Qinghai Province, to design a management information system for brucellosis patients, in order to realize the information of diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis patients.Methods:Based on the theory of management information system, according to the functional requirements of the actual work and performance parameters, the general framework of management information system was designed, the establishment of the management information system was gradually completed, and the system was improved through the system testing.Results:The system was easy to use and easy to operate, and patient's detailed information, diagnosis and treatment results and treatment plan could be obtained quickly. At the same time, follow-up, trace investigation, and brucellosis prevention and treatment propaganda could be carried out.Conclusions:The established brucellosis management information system can realize the electronic management of patient information, master the disease development and diagnosis and treatment results of brucellosis patients. Through follow-up investigation, the system can increase active screening and early warning of suspected cases, and provide health education to realize early diagnosis and early treatment of the patients.
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Objective:The epidemic regularity and trend of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province were analyzed to provide basis for formulating more perfect prevention and control measures.Methods:Using descriptive epidemiological methods, the data of brucellosis reported cases in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2018 (from the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System) were collected, and the three distributions (time, region and population distributions) of human brucellosis were statistically described and analyzed.Results:From 2005 to 2018, a total of 418 cases were reported in Qinghai Province, with a incidence of 0.05/100 000, the incidence of different years was statistically different (χ 2 = 11.63, P < 0.05). The incidence of brucellosis remained at a low level from 2005 to 2010, ranged from 0 to 0.05/100 000; and the incidence increased from 2011 to 2018, ranged from 0.27/100 000 to 2.06/100 000. There were reported cases of brucellosis throughout the year, and the onset time was mainly from April to June, accounting for 42.82% (179/418). The 418 cases were distributed in 20 counties (cities, districts), among which the top 5 incidence rates were Menyuan County (15.31%, 64/418), Henan County (13.40%, 56/418), Tianjun County (13.16%, 55/418), Xining City (12.44%, 52/418), and Haiyan County (7.66%, 32/418). In the population distribution, brucellosis cases in the age group from 40 to 49 years old were the most, accounting for 32.78% (137/418), the male to female ratio was 1.58 ∶ 1.00 (256∶162) . And the occupational distribution was dominated by herdsmen, accounting for 57.18% (239/418). Conclusions:The epidemic situation of brucellosis in Qinghai Province is on the rise. It should be strengthened the population monitoring and notification of outbreaks, and health education for all should be implemented.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in evaluating the prognosis of brain function in children with disturbance of consciousness.Methods:A total of 100 children with disturbance of consciousness admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled.All patients completed aEEG and video electroencephalogram (vEEG) (monitoring hours≥ 6 h), modified Glasgow coma scale (GCS) rating, peripheral blood brain injury marker S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) detection within 48 hours of admission.The prognosis was evaluated based on the above results.The actual prognosis of the children was recorded by telephone follow-up based on the pediatric cerebral performance category score (PCPC) until 6 months of onset or clinical death.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of aEEG, vEEG, improved GCS, S100β protein, and NSE in evaluating the prognosis of brain function in children with disturbance of consciousness. Kappa consistency test was made to evaluate the correlation between the estimated prognosis and the actual prognosis. Results:The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of aEEG, vEEG, improved GCS, S100β protein and NSE was 0.847, 0.810, 0.729, 0.685 and 0.784, respectively, indicating the five methods had statistically significant value in evaluating the prognosis of brain function (all P<0.05). Taking the Z value as the gold standard, the clinical efficacy of aEEG in evaluating the prognosis of brain function was significantly different from that of S100β ( Z>1.96, P<0.05), but showed no significant difference with that of other 3 methods.Using the best cut-off value as the gold standard for evaluating the prognosis, aEEG had the highest sensitivity to evaluate a poor prognosis (90.5%). The Kappa consistency test showed that the prognosis predicted by aEEG was consistent with the actual prognosis ( Kappa=0.550, P<0.01). Conclusions:aEEG has a good evaluation value for the brain function prognosis of children with disturbance of consciousness.aEEG has high sensitivity, and the predicated prognosis is consistent with the actual clinical prognosis, so it can be widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of PICU.
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Objective To analyze the human brucellosis monitoring results in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province from 2010 to 2016 and grasp the distribution of human brucellosis.Methods Using retrospective analysis method,monitoring questionnaires,laboratory test forms and case questionnaires of brucellosis in Gonghe County,Qinghai Province from 2010 to 2016 were collected,the serological test results of brucellosis were analyzed and the occupational and onset time distribution were described.Results A total of 1 471 people in Gonghe County were investigated,totally infected people was 32,the infection rate was 2.18％,the number of patients was 18,and the prevalence rate was 1.22％.Eighteen new cases were confirmed.The occupational distribution of infected people was mainly herder,accounting for 78.13％ (25/32);the onset time was mostly from May to September,accounting for 83.33％ (15/18).Conclusions Prevalence of human brucellosis in Gonghe County is still active in some local areas.We should strengthen health education and professional intervention in occupational populations to improve people's ability in prevention and control of the disease.
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Objective To establish and evaluate a method for determination of total arsenic in urine by test-tube rapid digestion hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Methods After digestion of urine samples using graduated test-tube and graphite digestion apparatus,arsenic content in urine was determined with atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Then the test results were evaluated by using quality control measures,such as precision and accuracy experiments,and the results between different laboratories were reviewed and compared.Results The urinary arsenic was in a linear range of 0-0.300 mg/L,correlation coefficient (r) ＞ 0.999 3,detection limit was 0.000 21 mg/L,relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤4.62％ and the recoveries of standard addition were 93.9％-104.3％.The value of standard reference material measured was within the allowable range.The blind sample of the national urinary arsenic was qualified.Conclusions This method is suitable for large scale determination of urinary arsenic for its micro sample amount needed,less interference and strong practicability.The error results are in a controlled range.